Coat of Arms of the Travancore royal family
The
Travancore Royal Family was the ruling house of the
Indian princely state of
Travancore. They lost their ruling rights in 1949 when Travancore merged with the
Indian Union and their
privileges were abolished by the Indian Union in 1971 by a constitutional amendment. The family descends from the
Venad line of the
Chera and
Mushika Kings (the latter being known also as the
Kolathiri Dynasty) and holds the distinction of being
Samantha Kshatriya. Unofficially, the Travancore Royalty could be considered to be descendants of the
Pandyaand
Chola dynasties as well, due to consistent intermarriages between the
Chera, Pandya, Chola and
Mushika (Kolathiri) dynasties over the centuries.
[1] Sree Padmanabhaswamy is the chief family deity. The Royal family is alternatively known as the
Kupaka Swaroopam,
Thripappur Swaroopam,
Venad Swaroopam,
Vanchi Swaroopam etc. It has its seat today at
Thiruvananthapuram in
Kerala,
India. The last ruling
Maharajah of Travancore was Sree
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, died on 20 July 1991 after a stroke. Sree
Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma, the younger brother of the last ruling monarch of the
Kingdom of Travancore,
Maharajah Chitra Thirunal Rama Varma, died at a private hospital in the early hours on 16 December 2013. He was succeeded by
Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma, son of Maharani
Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi and Lt. Col.
G. V. Raja.
[2]
Recorded history of the dynasty[edit]
Installation of Bhanu Vicrama as King of Kerala by Parashurama
According to one existing version, the founding members of the Travancore royal family
[3] are said to have come to Kerala, from the banks of the
Narmada river. Another belief is that
Parashurama himself crowned the first official ruler in the dynasty. Officially, their lineage can be traced definitively to at least 820 C.E, which is based on the claim of descent from the Later
Cheras of the three
southern IndianMandala Kingdoms namely
Chera Mandalam,
Pandya Mandalam and
Chola Mandalam. According to another legend, a branch of the Chera family was sent to the extreme north of the then
Kerala, where they settled and came to be known as the
Mooshika Royal family, or the later
Kolathiris, while another branch was deputed to go south to grapple with the
Pandyan invasions.
One of the two branches of the Chera dynasty shifted to Venad/Quilon where it merged with the Ay kingdom. Sangramadhira
Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara (1266-1314) was the most famed ruler of this Chera Ay dynasty.Numerous places are named after this Chera-Ay dynasty. Ravi Varman invaded the territories of the
Pandyas and
Cholas and performed imperial coronations at
Madurai and
Kanchipuram and thus threw off the
Pandyan hegemony in the region.
[4] However his success was short lived and after him his successors could not hold on to these acquisitions of the
Pandyas and
Cholas. Sangramadhira
Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara adopted two princesses from the related Kolathiri dynasty called Attingal and Kunnumel Ranis in 1305 C.E. The line of kings after Ravi Varman followed the
Marumakkathayam law of matrilineal succession.
[5] The Royal family continued thus in the female line. Whenever there were no females to take forth the line, princesses were adopted from the
Kolathiri family, the latest adoption being in 1994.
[6] Umayamma Rani who reigned towards the end of the 17th century was a prominent ruler.
Marthanda Varma, the "maker of modern Travancore" and
Dharma Raja were powerful rulers who re-established the power of monarchy in the state and destroyed that of the nobles. By the early 19th century the kingdom became a
princely state under the
British.
Swathi Thirunal was one of the most popular rulers of the 19th century. The reign of
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma brought about revolutionary reforms like the
Temple Entry Proclamation, Free and Compulsory education for all etc. and Travancore had become one of the most prosperous Princely States in the British Empire.
[7][8] The British government accorded the Maharajah of Travancore a high 19 gun salute outside Travancore, whereas locally and for all temple festivals, the highest salute of 21 guns were fired.
Swathi Thirunal was one of the most popular rulers of the 19th century. He made contributions both in the field of administration as well as music. The reign of
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma brought about revolutionary reforms like the
Temple Entry Proclamation, Free and Compulsory education, for all etc. He was referred to as the
Father of Travancore industrialization by
A. Sreedhara Menon.
V. P. Menon in his book stated that, under
Chithira Thirunal's reign, Travancore had become the second most prosperous
Princely State in the
British Empire.
[9] [10][11]
Merger Of Attingal[edit]
The women of
Travancore Royal Family were popularly referred to as Attingal Queens. Attingal was also considered as the ancestral homes of Travancore royals. Historians like V. Nagam Ayya, A. Sreedhara Menon etc. say that Attingal was never a separate Kingdom but the estates and provinces given to the royal women by the male head of the family(King). AS the Kings of Travancore were the sons of Attingal Queens, the latter were held in high respect by the royal family as well as the public. This respect and high status led to the wrong notion that Attingal Queens were once sovereigns which was further compounded by the writings of many foreign historians and travellers. Even if they had any power, it was taken away by Maharajah Sree Anizham Thirunal Veerabaala Marthanda Varma. Many Attingal Queens misused their status and signed potentially dangerous treaties with foreign forces, without even consulting with the reigning Travancore Kings. Maharajah Sree
Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma, anticipating the threat to the Kingdom's security, removed the powers of the Attingal Queens permanently and brought them under the complete control of the King. Thus, the Attingal Queens lost all private rights in the family properties, their power limited to the role of just a supervisor of such properties.
[12][13]
Kerala historian, Prof.
A. Sreedhara Menon wrote : "Early in his reign Marthanda Varma assumed direct control over the so-called Attingal 'Queendom'. This was not an annexation or conquest, but "the amalgamation of Travancore with Attingal". The theory that the Ranis of Attingal exercised sovereign powers is incorrect. The fact is that in political matters, the Ranis exercised no sovereign rights. Any grant of rights over immovable property by the Ranis required the King's previous assent or subsequent confirmation for its validity. The so-called Queendom of Attingal had its origin in the 5th century when two Princesses were adopted into the Venad family and the revenues from certain estates in and around Attingal were assigned to them. Since then, the female members of the ruling family of Travancore had come to be known as Attingal Ranis. It was only the male children of these Tamburatties who could inherit the throne. When Marthanda Varma decided to assume direct control over the estates of Attingal, he was not interfering in the affairs of a sovereign State. As the head of the royal family and the ruler of the State, he had every right to interfere in the affairs of a part of his kingdom. The Rani had neither territory nor subjects. What she possessed was nothing more than the control over the revenues of the estates, powers she exercised were delegated to her by the sovereign of the State."
[13][14]
Thrippadidaanam and Sree Padmanabhadasas[edit]
Maharaja Marthanda Varma making over the Kingdom To Padmanabha Swamy
Maharajah Sree Anizham Thirunal dedicated the Kingdom of Travancore to his family deity Sri Padmanabhaswamy in 1750 January 3 and after that he was referred to as Sree Padmanabhadasa Vanchipaala Maharajah Sree Anizham Thirunal Veerabaala Marthanda Varma Kulasekharaperumal. The Kings of Travancore, taking the title of "Sree Padmanabhadasa", ruled the kingdom as the servant of that deity. This important donation of the Kingdom to the Temple was known as "Thripadidaanam".
[15] Travancore as a whole, thus became the property of Sri Padmanabhaswamy, the deity of the Travancore Royal family or in other words
"God's Own Country".
[16] It is erroneously believed that use of the title "Sree Padmanabhadasa" before royal male members' names came into being after Thrippadidaanam, but this title was in use even in the 16th century. During the first birthday ceremony of Maharajah Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma(Dharmaraja) in 1725, he is referred to as "Sree Padmanabhadasa" which was much before the Thrippadidaanam(1750) by Maharajah Anizham Thirunal Veerabaala
Marthanda Varma. The title of "Sree Padmanabhadasa" is prefixed to the name of every Travancore King while the royal women are "Sree Padmanabhasevinis". In order to get the eligibility for attaining the title of "Sree Padmanabhadasa", certain rituals must be completed at the birth of new royal male members. On the first birthday of every royal male members would be put on the 'Ottakkalmandapam' of the Sree Padmanabhaswami Temple and holy water from the temple will be sprinkled on the baby and only after completion of this ceremony, the royal child is proclaimed as "Sree Padmanabhadasa". The female members also have a ritual called "Padiyettam" which is conducted only after their "Pallikettu" (wedding of Travancore Princesses and Queens). Only those male and female members who complete these ceremonies are allowed in the temple affairs and are also provided respect as well as the titles associated with temple as well as the royal family.'
[17] [18]
Adoption[edit]
The females of the royal family are styled as the "Queens of Attingal" with the titles of
Attingal Mootha Thampuran(Senior Queen of Attingal) and "Attingal Elaya Thampuran"(Junior Queen of Attingal) and "Attingal Kochu Thampuran"(First Princess).
[19] The first adoption to the Travancore Royal Family was in the early 14th century from the
Kolathiri family because the Kolathiris are considered a sister dynasty by the Travancore Royalty.
[20] This adoption resulted in the branching of the Royal family into four families namely the branch at
Trivandrum, another at
Kottarakara known as
Elayadathu Swaroopam, the
Peraka Thavazhi branch of
Nedumangad and the
Quilonbranch. The later two branches died out into the 18th century whereas the last Rani of
Kottarakara fled after battle with Maharajah
Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma.
[21] In 1630 two males were adopted from the
Cochin Royal Family [22] sowing the seed of dissension between the branches of the Royal family. Later in 1684 one male and two females were adopted from the
Kolathiri family, from which family all subsequent adoptions were made, by
Umayamma Rani.
[23] In 1688 two males, including
Rajah Rama Varma, and 2 females were adopted and the famous Travancore King Anizham Thirunal
Marthanda Varma was born to one of these princesses.
[24] In 1718 a princess was adopted, whose son was the later King Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma
Dharma Raja. In 1748 again four princesses were adopted and
Balarama Varma (1798–1810) belonged to this line.
[25] The next adoption of 1788 brought forth the famous
Maharanis,
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi and
Gowri Parvati Bayi and all the male rulers up to 1924, the last ruler in this line being Maharajah
Moolam Thirunal.
[26] In 1857 two princesses, including
Rani Lakshmi Bayi, were adopted from a branch of the
Kolathiri family residing at
Mavelikara since the 1790s, but by 1901 both these princesses and all their issue died.
[27] In 1900 again two princesses were adopted from Mavelikara, granddaughters of
Raja Ravi Varma,
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi and
Sethu Parvathi Bayi (gave birth to the last ruling monarch of Travancore, Sree
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma).
[28] The latest adoption occurred in 1994 by Princess
Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi who adopted a princess named Lekha Parvathi Bayi.
[29]
Titles and precedence[edit]
All members of the ruling family receive two names, an official personal name and a name associated with the 'star' or 'Thirunal' under which they are born,(e.g.: Maharajah Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma).
Aayilyam Thirunal Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi - The only Queen of Travancore to have ruled the kingdom in her own right.
- The senior most male or the Valiya Thampuran is the head of the Royal family, born in the female line, to a Queen of Attingal, becomes King with the title of Sree Padmanabhadasa Vanchi Paala (Personal Name) Varma Kulasekhara Perumal Kiritapathi Manney Sultan Maharajah Raja Ramaraja Bahadur, Shamsher Jang, Maharajah of Travancore.
- The Heir Apparent is known as the Maharajkumar (personal name) Varma, Eliya Raja of Travancore.
- The senior most female of the Royal family is the Attingal Mootha Thampuran and is known asSree Padmanabhasevini Vanchidharma Vardhini Raja Rajeshwari Maharani (personal name) Bai, Senior Maharani of Travancore, with the style of Her Highness.. The Junior Maharani is theAttingal Elaya Thampuran and if mother of the ruling prince is known as Sree Padmanabhasevini Vanchipala Dyumani Raja Rajeshwari Maharani Maharani (personal name) Bai, Junior Maharani of Travancore, with the style of Her Highness. The First Princess is known as Kochu Thampuranand is known as (personal name) Sree Padmanabhasevini Vanchidharma Vardhini Attingal Kochu Thampuran.
- Prince Consorts of the Senior and Junior Maharani are known as the Valiya Koyi Thampuran andKochu Koyi Thampuran respectively, selected from one of four or five royal houses (or 'palaces') who were closely related to the ruling family . Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran, consort of Maharani Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, and Col. G. V. Raja, consort of Maharani Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, went on to become famous in their own terms.
- Consorts of the Maharajahs are usually Nair women, and never Kshatriya (royalty), and hence, is ranked as nobility, and not royalty. They are is known as Ammachi Panapillai Amma and holds the title of (mother's house name) Ammachi Panapilla Amma Srimathi (personal name) Pilla.. The Maharajahs are only allowed morganatic marriages so as to maintain Marumakkathayam. The Travancore Maharajahs' children do not succeed to the throne under the Marumakkathayam Law, as they belong to their Nair mother's family and are not royalty. Instead they get a title of nobility, namely Thampi and Kochamma. The sons of the ruling Kings are known as Sri (mother's house name) (personal name) Chempakaraman Thampi. The daughters of the Kings are known as (mother's house name) Ammaveetil Srimathi (personal name) Pilla Kochamma. The descendents of Ammachis get the title of Thankachi (female) & Thampi (male). [30]
Succession[edit]
The Travancore Royal Family follows the Matrilineal inheritance. Marumakkathayam or the matrilineal system involved inheritance and succession through the sisters' children in the female line.
[31][32]
- The surviving younger brothers of the Maharajah, according to age, and by the same mother.
- The sons of the sisters of the Maharajah, according to age. If there were more than one sister, the first born male child of that generation would be the heir, regardless of whether his mother was older or younger than other sisters.
- The sons of the eldest maternal aunt of the Maharajah, according to age.
- The sons of the daughters of the eldest maternal aunt of the Maharajah, according to age. The sons of elder daughters succeeded before those of the younger sisters.[33]
Marriage and other customs[edit]
The marriages of the princesses are known as
Pallikettus
[34] while those of the
Maharajahs are known as
Pattum Parivattavum Chaarthal. The form of marriage is
Sambandhamand the consorts of the Princesses are from certain select families of
Koyi Thampurans came from one of four or five royal houses or 'palaces' who were closely related to the royal family whereas the consorts of the Maharajahs belong to four houses known as
Ammaveedus. The spouses of the Maharajahs and Maharanis are not considered members of the royal house owing to the prevalent
Marumakkathayam Law. However they received many royal dignities and privileges owing to their position as consorts.
[35] An exception to this rule of selection and status of Prince Consort was made when Sree chithira Thirunal chose Colonel Godavarma Raja of Poonjar Royal House (not from the normal select royal houses) as the Consort for his only sister, Maharani
Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi in 1934. Col.
G. V. Raja went on to become a resourceful ally of Maharajah
Sree Chithira Thirunal, made pivotal contributions to
Kerala's infrastructure development as well as sports and tourism.
Cessation of the practice of mahādanams[edit]
Marthanda Varma entering the golden tub during Hiranyagarbha ceremony
Marthanda Varma performing Thulapurusha Danum ceremony
The kings of Thiruvithamkoor had been conditionally promoted to Kshatryahood with periodic performance of 16 mahādānams (great gifts in charity) such as Hiranya-garbhā, Hiranya-Kāmdhenu,and Hiranyāswaratā in which each of which thousands of
Brahmins had been given costly gifts apart from each getting a minimum of 1 kazhanch (78.65 gm) of gold.
[36] In 1848 the
Marquess of Dalhousie, then
Governor-General of British India, was appraised that the depressed condition of the finances in Thiruvithamkoor was due to the mahādanams by the rulers.
[37] Lord Dalhousie, instructed
Lord Harris, Governor of the
Madras Presidency, warn the then King of Thiruvithamkoor Martanda Varma (Uttram Tirunal 1847–60) that if he did not put a stop to this practice, the Madras Presidency would take over his Kingdom's administration. This led to the cessation of the practice of mahādanams. All Travancore Kings including
Sree Moolam Thirunalconducted
Hiranyagarbham and
Tulapurushadaanam ceremony. Maharajah
Chithira Thirunal is the only King of Travancore not to have conducted
Hiranyagarbham or
Tulaapurushadaanam as he considered these as an extremely costly ceremonies.
[38]
The Royal Family Members[edit]
Prince Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma is a noted Indian classical musician, vocalist, veena player and writer
The eldest son of
Amma Maharani Sethu Parvathi Bayi was the last King Of Travancore,
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, who signed the instrument of accession and amalgamated his Kingdom into the Union of India in 1949. The Royal family consists, in the line of Sethu Parvati Bayi, the last Maharajah Sree
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma (unmarried), his brother
Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma, and of their late sister Maharani
Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi (married to Col. Godavarma Raja/
G. V. Raja of the Poonjar Royal Family). Princess Karthika Thirunal and Col. Godavarma Raja had two daughters (Pooyam Thirunal and Aswathi Thirunal) and two sons (Avittom Thirunal(died at the age of six) and Moolam Thirunal) (current Head of the Royal Family and Titular Maharajah).
Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varmamarried
Ammachi Panapillai Amma Shrimathi Radhadevi Pandalai of Kayamkulam (the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Krishnan Gopinathan Pandalai, MB, CM, FRCS, LRCP, Madras), and has a son, Ananthapadmanabhan Thampi and a daughter, Parvathidevi Kochamma. He used to reside at Pattom Palace, Trivandrum, till his death in 16 December 2013.
[39] [40]
The current head of Travancore Royal family is Sree Padmanabhadasa Sree
Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma, born on 12 June 1949 at
Kowdiar Palace as the youngest son of Maharani
Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi by her husband, Lieutenant-Colonel P.R. Godavarma Raja/
G. V. Raja of Poonjar Palace. He became the Titular Heir Apparent or
Elaya Rajah on 20 July 1991, after the death of Maharajah Sree
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma. Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma is a Physics graduate from Mar Evanios College, Trivandrum and also studied business management in London. After his education, he joined Aspinwall and Co Ltd in Mangalore 1971, and served as a consultant and in various executive positions like
Additional Director 2004-2005, Director of Planning 2005-2007, Executive Director Aspinwall & Co (Travancore) Ltd since 2005, Member of Aspinwall Promoter Group since 2005, Managing Director of Aspinwall and Co Ltd in Mangalore since 2008. In 1976 he married
Ammachi Panapillai Amma Srimathi Rema Varma of Kilimanoor Palace but divorced in 2002.
[41] [42] Sree Rama Varma then married
Ammachi Panapillai Amma Srimathi Girija Thankachi of Vazhuthacadu, alias Dr. Girija Rama Varma, former
radiologist based in London and has a daughter from her first marriage. The couple after their wedding in 2002 used to live in
Mangalore till 2013. After he assumed the Titular Maharajah's position, the couple moved to Kowdiar, Trivandrum, and has settled down there. According to Royalark.net website, Sree Rama Varma has no children from either marriages, till date.
[43]
Princess Pooyam Thirunal Gowri Parvathi Bayi is married to Sri Chembrol Raja Raja Varma and has two children, Prince
Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma and Princess Thiruvathira Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi. Lakshmi Bayi married a commoner, Prof. M.D. Nalapatt (son of famous writer
Kamala Das) and hence decided not to have any children. As Princess Thiruvathira Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi married a commoner, Lekha varma of Mavelikkara Palace was adopted by Princess Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi in 1996 into the royal family to continue in the female line and became Bharani Thirunal Lekha Parvathi Bayi. Classical Musician, Prince
Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma remain unmarried till date.
[44]
Princess Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi was married to Late. Sri Sukumaran Raja Raja Varma of Palikkara West Palace, Thiruvalla. He died from injuries after a car accident, at the Ochira District Hospital, Kerala, 30 December 2005. The couple has three children: Prince Pooruruttathi Thirunal Marthanda Varma, Prince Avittom Thirunal Aditya Varma, and Princess Bharani Thirunal Lekha Parvathi Bayi(adopted). Prince Pooruruttathi Thirunal Marthanda Varma married
Ammachi Panapillai Amma Srimathi Gopika Nair
[45][46] alias Kalaimamani Gopika Marthanda Varma or Gopikavarma, the famous
Mohiniyattam dancer as well as Director of Dasya Dance School, Member Advisory Board of the Ability Foundation in Chennai etc. They have a son, Sri Vishnu Thampi. Prince Avittom Thirunal Aditya Varma married Shrimathi Resmi Varma of Mariapalli Palace, Kottayam in 2000.
[47] They have twin daughters, Gowri Varma and Prabha Varma. Princess Bharani Thirunal Lekha Parvathi Bayi married Anoopkumar Varma and has a daughter Princess Swathi Thirunal.
[48]
Maharani Pooradam Thirunal
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi had two daughters, Princesses Uthram Thirunal Lalithamba Bayi and Karthika Thirunal Indira Bayi. Revathi Thirunal Balagopal Varma, the grandson of Maharani Pooradam Thirunal, is the titular Elayarajah of Travancore.
The Constitutional Amendment of 1971 terminated the status of the Maharajahs of the erstwhile
princely states as rulers and abolished their rights to receive privy purses. However the other clauses of the agreements signed between the Government of India and the Princes in 1947 legally still hold. The Royal Family of Travancore has no administrative authority since 1971. Till 1956
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma served as
Rajpramukh of
Thiru-Kochi. Later in 1971 while the family lost their privy purse and other privileges, the rights of the family in the
Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple were respected and the current head of the family, Sree Padmanabhadasa Sree
Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma, fulfills his duty towards the temple as the Titular Maharajah of Travancore and as the Trustee of
Sree Padmanabhaswami Temple, Trivandrum, even though he has no part in the administration of the temple.
[49] The allowances of all the family members born prior to 1949 are also still paid by the Government of Kerala.
Palaces[edit]
Kowdiar Palace, The official residence of the descendents of Sethu Parvathi Bayi
The
Padmanabhapuram Palace was the main residence of the Travancore Maharajahs whereas the Ranis of Attingal resided at that place in their own palaces. Later the royal family moved to
Trivandrum wherein the females resided at the Sree Padam Palace and the men in many other Palaces like Thulsi Hill Palace, Rangavilaasom Palace, Kuthiramalika Palace etc.
The branch of Sethu lakshmi Bayi had sold all their properties in Kerala in the late 1940s and early 1950s itself and moved outside the State. Most of them are settled at places like
Chennai,
Bangalore, also in foreign countries like
United States of America,
Australia,
South Africa etc. They don't take part in any royal rituals or temple ceremonies, and is not in touch with Sethu Parvathi Bayi's family in Trivandrum.
[50]
After the Constitutional Amendment of 1971, the properties and estates of the Royal Family were partitioned and divided into two equal halves among the branches of Maharani
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi and Maharani
Sethu Parvathi Bayi. However certain legal disputes continued between Balagopala Varma (the grandson of Sethu Lakshmi Bayi) and Maharajah Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, regarding the ownership of the Stalemond Palace in Poojapura. According to the verdict given by the
Supreme Court of India in the matter, the terms of division of properties was accepted by all members of both branches of the royal family. But later Balagopal Varma(Revathi Nal), who at the time of property division was a minor, accused that Sree Chithira Thirunal had unlawfully taken away a property, Poojappura Stalemond Palace, that rightly belonged to his grandmother,
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi . Sree Chithira Thirunal had given away this Palace to the Government of Kerala to construct a new Medical Centre, the now famous,
Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, in 1974. Balagopala Varma(Revathi Nal) also accused that Sree Chithira Thirunal had unlawfully taken away the traditional holdings of Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, as Senior Rani of Attingal. The court also dismissed this argument while giving the final verdict in 1991. Sethu Lakshmi Bayi's case was presented to the then Viceroy of India in the 30's but was dismissed by him, as former
Maharajah of Travancore,
Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma had already removed all the powers of Attingal Queens in 18th century itself. Revathi Nal Balagopala Varma took his grievance first to the
High Court of Kerala and later to the
Supreme Court of India. However, at both courts, the verdicts came in favour of Sree Chithira Thirunal and the appelant, Revathi Nal's, case was dismissed in the final judgement of 1991 by the Supreme Court of India.
[51] The Maharajah had donated the
Stalemond Palace for the creation of
Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum
[52] The case was won by Maharajah Sree Chithira Thirunal after the final verdict given by the
Supreme Court Of India in 1991.
[51]
Presently only the descendents of
Sethu Parvathi Bayi live at
Kowdiar Palace as it belongs to her legal heirs and their descendents. They are all based in
Trivandrum and are also the ones who keep alive the traditions and rituals of their ancient dynasty including the upkeep of the famous Sree Padmanabhaswami Temple.
[53][54][55]
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